Salt water saturation. Lab guideline.
Handout 11-12-07. Due Monday, 11-23-07. The lab report is due one week after the lab is finished. We will also spend time in class discussing how to write the lab report and I will be available (on Tuesday, after school, in the library, 3:30-5:00) to tutor anyone needing additional help.
Your lab report should have six sections. Below are the six sections and some of the questions that should be answered in each section. It should be written as a report of what you did, not as a series of questions and answers. You should answer the questions in complete sentences instead of asking the questions again in your report. Your final lab report should be organized into the following six sections and be in the same order. Each section is worth 10 points. You will also recieve 40 paritcipation points for completing the lab but these will only be awarded when you turn in the lab report.
Many students were absent at least one of the two days we worked on the lab. If you were absent on those days or had questions about the lab it was your responsibility to come during advisory or after school to make up the lab or ask questions.
1. Observations
Why were we initially interested in the topic?
We made 3.5% salt water and we tried to make 100% salt water. What happened when we mixed 1g of water with 1g of salt?
What does soluble mean?
What does saturated mean?
How much salt can we put in water before we reach the point where it is no longer soluble?
2. Hypothesis:
A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by experimentation. Such as:
I think water will be saturated at X% salt.
If we start with a volume of water and slowly add salt while stirring we will eventually get to a point where the salt will no longer dissolve.
3. Experiment:
The experimental section should tell exactly how you did the experiment. The more details you have here the better. You should have enough details so that someone else could read your procedure and repeat the experiment and get the same results.
Procedure
How much water will we start with?
If we convert this to grams, how much would this weigh?
Why did we use this amount?
What was the salt concentration initially?
We added salt in small increments. How much did we add at a time?
How long did we stir the solution before it was dissolved?
What percentage of salt did this make?
Was it all soluble?
How did the experiment procede after that initial step?
How much salt had we added when we noticed it was no longer soluble?
How long did we stir the solution before we decided that the solution was not soluble?
What was the experimentally determined range of the limit of solubility?
Did we take steps to further narrow this range?
If so, what were they?
Data and experimental observations
What salt concentrations did we attempt to make and which ones were soluble?
4. Analysis:
Is it possible to graph or chart the data so that it can be seen visually?
5. Conclusions:
You should express the results here.
Was you hypothesis accepted or rejected?
It is fine if your hypothesis is rejected. This just means that you learned something that you did not anticipate.
You did not find the exact maximum solubility of salt in water but you can express your results as a range. For example, the maximum solubility of salt in water is between X and Y%.
6. Repeat:
Is it necessary to repeat the experiment?
What could be gained by repeating the experiment?
Are there any related experiments that you can think of?
What temperature was the water in our experiment?
Do you think the solubility would the same at different temperatures?
Monday, November 16, 2009
geology questions
This was a worksheet that we answered in class with a presentation on geology. All of the information (answers) can also be found on the internet.
Geology: 20 questions about rocks:
Each of the 20 questions can be answered through the in class presentation on geology.
What are the 3 classes of rocks? Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
What are extrusive rocks? Give an example.
What are intrusive rocks? Give an example.
What are plutonic rocks? Give an example.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Where do the materials for sedimentary rock originate?
Where do most sedimentary rocks form?
What does strata mean?
How can you tell the difference between a sedimentary and an igneous rock?
What are clastic sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
What are organic sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
What are chemical sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
How are metamorphic rocks made?
What are the 4 main agents of metamorphosis?
Give 3 examples of metamorphic rocks.
How do fluids affect metamorphism?
Metamorphic rocks sometimes form layers too. What cause these layers and what are they usually made of?
How can sedimentary and metamorphic rocks become igneous rock again?
Geology: 20 questions about rocks:
Each of the 20 questions can be answered through the in class presentation on geology.
What are the 3 classes of rocks? Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
What are extrusive rocks? Give an example.
What are intrusive rocks? Give an example.
What are plutonic rocks? Give an example.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Where do the materials for sedimentary rock originate?
Where do most sedimentary rocks form?
What does strata mean?
How can you tell the difference between a sedimentary and an igneous rock?
What are clastic sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
What are organic sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
What are chemical sedimentary rocks made of? Give an example.
How are metamorphic rocks made?
What are the 4 main agents of metamorphosis?
Give 3 examples of metamorphic rocks.
How do fluids affect metamorphism?
Metamorphic rocks sometimes form layers too. What cause these layers and what are they usually made of?
How can sedimentary and metamorphic rocks become igneous rock again?
review for chapter 3, due Tuesday 11-17-09
Below are two reviews for chapter 3 exam. The first review is the honors version and the second version is for the easier exam. All are encouraged to do the honors review and the honors exam. There are 10 bonus points available to those who opt to take the honors exam. The review is due no later than Tuesday and the exam will be on Wednesday, 11-18-09. Sorry I did not post this sooner but the review was handed out last Thursday (the 12th)
Review for chapter 3 (Honors review) 11-10-09.
Explain how earth is an integrated system. How are the different parts integrated? Which parts overlap?
Explain the five layers of the geosphere. Draw a diagram. Include thickness, temperature. Which are liquid and solid?
Explain plate tectonics.
What layer of the geosphere are they a part of?
What layer do they move on top of?
What happens at the boundries of tectonic plates?
Explain how mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes occur or are formed.
How is the energy of earthquakes measured?
What region of the earth has the most active volcanos?
Nome two ways volcanoes affect the environment.
After mountains are formed how do they continue to be shaped?
Atmosphere:
Describe the 4 layers of the atmosphere?
What is an important attribute of each layer?
Where is the ionosphere and why is it called that?
Where is radiation the greatest?
Where is pressure the greatest?
What are three ways that energy is transferred?
What is the difference between radiation, conduction, and convection?
Describe the greenhouse effect and name some of the gasses involved.
Why is the ozone layer important?
Hydrosphere:
Describe the water cycle. Know the difference between evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
How much of the earths surface is covered with water?
What are the 3 zones of the ocean? What are they based on?
What is the difference between deep an surface currents?
How do currents affect our weather/climate?
Where is most fresh water on earth found?
What is an aquifer and where are they recharged?
Review for chapter 3
What percentage of the earth is covered by the world ocean?
What is an earthquake and where does is occur?
Where in the atmosphere is the ionosphere?
Aerosols are tiny _______ ________ found in the atmosphere.
Conduction is the flow of ________ from warmer objects to colder objects when the objects are placed in direct physical contact.
What is bottom layer of the geosphere called, at the center of the earth?
What are tributaries? Give an example.
What are the layers of the ocean called?
What is evaporation and how is this different from condensation?
List three types of precipitation.
What are three methods of energy transfer within or through the earths atmosphere?
Ocean water contains more ______ than fresh water.
Which layer of the earth is most dense?
Where is most of the fresh water on earth located?
Does erosion affect soil, mountains, and rocks?
Volcanoes are formed by molten rock called __________.
Energy released by an earthquake occurs in the form of ____________.
What are the physical layers of the earth?
The deepest point on the ocean floor is in which ocean?
What does the prefix hydro- mean?
Review for chapter 3 (Honors review) 11-10-09.
Explain how earth is an integrated system. How are the different parts integrated? Which parts overlap?
Explain the five layers of the geosphere. Draw a diagram. Include thickness, temperature. Which are liquid and solid?
Explain plate tectonics.
What layer of the geosphere are they a part of?
What layer do they move on top of?
What happens at the boundries of tectonic plates?
Explain how mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes occur or are formed.
How is the energy of earthquakes measured?
What region of the earth has the most active volcanos?
Nome two ways volcanoes affect the environment.
After mountains are formed how do they continue to be shaped?
Atmosphere:
Describe the 4 layers of the atmosphere?
What is an important attribute of each layer?
Where is the ionosphere and why is it called that?
Where is radiation the greatest?
Where is pressure the greatest?
What are three ways that energy is transferred?
What is the difference between radiation, conduction, and convection?
Describe the greenhouse effect and name some of the gasses involved.
Why is the ozone layer important?
Hydrosphere:
Describe the water cycle. Know the difference between evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
How much of the earths surface is covered with water?
What are the 3 zones of the ocean? What are they based on?
What is the difference between deep an surface currents?
How do currents affect our weather/climate?
Where is most fresh water on earth found?
What is an aquifer and where are they recharged?
Review for chapter 3
What percentage of the earth is covered by the world ocean?
What is an earthquake and where does is occur?
Where in the atmosphere is the ionosphere?
Aerosols are tiny _______ ________ found in the atmosphere.
Conduction is the flow of ________ from warmer objects to colder objects when the objects are placed in direct physical contact.
What is bottom layer of the geosphere called, at the center of the earth?
What are tributaries? Give an example.
What are the layers of the ocean called?
What is evaporation and how is this different from condensation?
List three types of precipitation.
What are three methods of energy transfer within or through the earths atmosphere?
Ocean water contains more ______ than fresh water.
Which layer of the earth is most dense?
Where is most of the fresh water on earth located?
Does erosion affect soil, mountains, and rocks?
Volcanoes are formed by molten rock called __________.
Energy released by an earthquake occurs in the form of ____________.
What are the physical layers of the earth?
The deepest point on the ocean floor is in which ocean?
What does the prefix hydro- mean?
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Solar hot water project/competition
We will be building our own solar hot water heater. We will work on this in class on Friday. Each student is responsible for building a solar hot water heater. You are responsible for bringing all the materials but many could be made from recycled materials. For example, you could make it from plastic bags, glass, plastic, or metal bottles, or cans.
Things to consider: Dark colors will absorb more sunlight than lighter colors. Insulation will keep it warm on a cool day. We will hold the competition on a sunny day next week. This will be announced the day before in class. You must be present that day to set up your hot water heater.
Rules
1. Must hold and heat 300 ml of water at least 10 degrees Celcius to earn credit.
2. Must be passive solar powered. This means you can not use photovoltaic power, electricity, fossil, or nuclear fuels.
3. Must be small enough to fit in your locker.
4. The warmer your water gets the more points you will earn.
5. First place in each class gets 50 points extra credit, 2nd place gets 25 points, 3rd place gets 10 points.
6. The person with the highest temperature achieved from all my classes will earn 100 points extra credit.
Only one entry per person. If you make more than one, you have to decide which one to use on the day on the competition.
If you start now, you can make and test several models to see which works best.
Things to consider: Dark colors will absorb more sunlight than lighter colors. Insulation will keep it warm on a cool day. We will hold the competition on a sunny day next week. This will be announced the day before in class. You must be present that day to set up your hot water heater.
Rules
1. Must hold and heat 300 ml of water at least 10 degrees Celcius to earn credit.
2. Must be passive solar powered. This means you can not use photovoltaic power, electricity, fossil, or nuclear fuels.
3. Must be small enough to fit in your locker.
4. The warmer your water gets the more points you will earn.
5. First place in each class gets 50 points extra credit, 2nd place gets 25 points, 3rd place gets 10 points.
6. The person with the highest temperature achieved from all my classes will earn 100 points extra credit.
Only one entry per person. If you make more than one, you have to decide which one to use on the day on the competition.
If you start now, you can make and test several models to see which works best.
week 12
This week we are workin gon chapter 3 about the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the biosphere. The outline for all of chapter 3 was due Monday. Sorry I forgot to post this last week but it was assigned in class on last Thursday. In addition to the information on chapter 3, I have also been presenting additional information on geology.
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